This certification exam contains 60 multiple-choice and multiple-answer questions. These questions must be completed within 90 minutes. There is an opportunity to take the test in the English language only. The knowledge and skills that are measured in this CWNP exam are developed from the Job Task Analysis that involves wireless networking experts and other professionals. In total, the CWAP-403 test covers six domains, which are the following:

Protocol Analysis (15%) – This topic covers a series of skills and competencies that the potential candidates must demonstrate. These include the following:

• Use extra tools that capture the 802.11 frames to analyze and troubleshoot;
• Analyze the 802.11 frames captured to identify issues and find solutions;
• Understand and relate the basic parameters for capture configuration that are available within protocol analysis;
• Ensure suitable troubleshooting techniques are utilized with each analysis type.
• Capture the 802.11 frames with the use of suitable locations and methods;

Test Domains

CWAP-403 topics have been developed based on a JTA (Job Task Analysis), which involved experts and professionals in wireless networking. Thus, the topics and the domains represent how important the content is for acing the official test. The areas that you'll come across on the exam day are captured as follows:

• WLAN Medium Access

  The last tested domain delves into the understanding of 802.11 contention algorithms and knowledge of their impact on WLANs. This concerns DCF (Distributed Coordination Function), EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access), and WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia). It also touches on the analysis of QoS configuration as well as operations. Also, it further discusses the verification of QoS parameters within capture files and ensures an end-to-end implementation of QoS.

• 802.11 Frame Exchanges

  The first part of such a segment regards capturing, understanding, and analyzing BSS discovery in addition to joining frame exchanges. This further looks at BSS discovery, 802.11 authentication as well as association, 802.1X/EAP exchanges, four-way handshake, group key exchange, neighbour discovery, and more. The second scope is centered on analyzing roaming behavior as well as resolving roaming challenges. It's all about of where to find excessive roaming, sticky clients, and channel aggregation aimed at roaming analysis. The third section is about analyzing frame exchanges for data. It captures data frames in addition to acknowledgement frames, RTS/CTS and QoS data frame exchanges, and block acknowledgement exchanges. The fourth aspect of this topic concerns analyzing transmission methods that are specific to HT/VHT. Particularly, this looks into Transmit Beamforming (TxBF), MIMO, and MU-MIMO. In addition, you'll know all you need about the frame aggregation (A-MPDU and A-MSDU). The fifth and final thing is about analyzing behavior and resolving problems that relate to operations within the MAC layer. This goes further into operations for Power Save, load balancing, band steering, and protection mechanisms.

• Spectrum Analysis

  Such an area includes explaining data for RF spectrum and understanding commonly available views within spectrum analysis, analyzing spectrum captures for the purpose of identifying relevant issues and information concerning RF, analyzing captures for spectrum for the purpose of identifying varied device signatures, and centralizing solutions for spectrum analysis.

• Protocol Analysis

  This concerns detailing 802.11 frames with the use of proper methods as well as locations, analyzing what the 802.11 frame has captured to allow the discovery of problems and finding of solutions, and understanding as well as applying common capture parameters for the configuration that are available within protocol analysis. Other aspects are utilizing additional tools used for capturing 802.11 frames with the intention of analyzing, troubleshooting, and ensuring the usage of proper troubleshooting methods with all types of analysis.

• PHY Layers & Technologies

  This topic is about understanding and describing the functions as well as the PLCP sub-layers, applying the knowledge of PHY technologies that include PHY headers, training fields, preambles, data rates, and frame aggregations to captured data, and identifying as well as using PHY information as availed in pseudo-headers within protocol analyzers. More domains are focused on recognizing the limits related to protocol analyzers during the capture of PHY information that includes NULL data packets as well as PHY headers and using proper capture devices depending on the knowledge of PHY types.

• MAC Sub-Layer & Functions

  This part includes the understanding of frame encapsulation in addition to frame aggression. It also includes identifying and using MAC information within captured data to carry out analysis, which will be looking further at management, control as well as data frames, MAC Frame Format, 802.11 Management Frame Formats, Data & QoS Data Frame Formats, and 802.11 Control Frame Formats. Another portion looks at validating the configuration of BSS through analysis of the protocol. This covers country code, supported rates, minimum basic rate, WMM settings, beacon intervals, HT & VHT operations, primary channel, and more. There is also the part on identifying and analyzing CRC error and retransmitted frames.

Reference: https://www.cwnp.com/certifications/cwap

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CWAP-403 Exam Main Areas

Here are the exam main topic areas along with their weights:

• Spectrum Analysis (15%);
• Protocol Analysis (15%);
• 802.11 Frame Exchanges (25%);
• WLAN Medium Access (10%).
• MAC Sub-Layer & Functions (25%);
• PHY Layers & Technologies (10%);

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CWNP CWAP-403 Exam Syllabus Topics: